Power Factor Correction Analysis in a 0.4 kV Distribution System Using Capacitor Banks Based on the Individual Compensation Method

Abstract

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Power factor (PF) is an important parameter that reflects the efficiency of electrical energy utilization in alternating current (AC) systems, representing the ratio between active power (kW) and apparent power (kVA). A low power factor increases the loading of distribution networks, leads to higher power losses, and may result in penalties due to excessive reactive power consumption. This study aims to analyze power factor improvement in the SS-05B 0.4 kV distribution bus supplying an 800 kW induction motor load with an initial power factor of 0.70 through the installation of a capacitor bank using the individual compensation method. The required capacitor bank capacity was determined based on the initial and target power factor conditions and subsequently evaluated through simulation using a single-line diagram model of the power distribution system. The results indicate that a capacitor bank rated at 739.025 kvar is required to increase the power factor from 70% to 97.65%. Simulation results before and after capacitor installation show an increase in bus voltage from 94.11% to 95.45%, a reduction in feeder current at SS-05B from 1845 A to 1819 A, and an improvement in the power factor at the SS-04B bus from 80.3% to 89.25%. These findings demonstrate that the individual compensation method effectively improves power factor, reduces network losses, and enhances voltage profiles in power distribution systems, thereby contributing to improved energy efficiency and the sustainable operation of electrical power networks.