Optimal Power Flow Optimization of the South Sulawesi 150-kV System with Wind Generation

Abstract

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The integration of wind generation changes power-flow patterns and increases the need for economical, constraint-aware dispatch in regional transmission systems. This study presents an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) assessment using the published 29-bus, 150-kV South Sulawesi system as a real Indonesian case. The network includes wind generation and six optimized generator buses (1, 13, 14, 19, 23, and 25) supplying a reported demand of 540.165 MW. A quadratic generation-cost objective is minimized subject to AC power-balance equations, generator limits, bus-voltage limits, and transmission constraints. Four particle-swarm variants are compared: Standard PSO, PSO with inertia-weight adjustment (PSO-IWA), PSO with constriction-factor adjustment (PSO-CFA), and hybrid inertia-constriction PSO (PSOHIC). The existing operating condition requires 559.445 MW of generation, incurs 19.2665 MW of active loss, and costs USD 6,428.61/h. PSOHIC provides the best reported solution, with 558.3199 MW of generation, 18.155 MW of loss, and USD 5,986.6917/h, corresponding to reductions of 5.77% in active loss and 6.87% in operating cost. It also converges in nine iterations, compared with 20-41 iterations for the other variants. These results demonstrate the value of hybrid PSO for steady-state economic dispatch in a renewable-integrated Indonesian transmission system, while chronological demand, uncertainty, contingencies, and current utility validation remain necessary for operational deployment.